Cobalt sol’n; 1,000 ppm. Increases cobalt in recirculating seawater systems. Increases primary productivity. Required by photoautotrophs (including zooxanthellae) for photosynthesis, and pigment, vitamin, and enzyme production. 1 drop (0.05 mL) per 7,472 gal. (28,281 L), once daily to maintain NSW value for S=35. 1,000 ppm cobalt, derived from cobalt chloride (hydrated source, USP).
Parameter
Cobalt
Value
1,000 ppm
Characteristics
- Provides cobalt, required by photoautotrophs (including zooxanthellae) for critical cellular functions, including: photosynthesis; production of pigments, vitamins, and enzymes.
- Critical for photosynthetic processes and nutrient reduction in systems employing algal turf scrubber filtration.
- Improves color intensity of zooxanthellate invertebrates.
- Aids in the reduction of nitrate.
- See ‘Application’ section below for use of this solution vs. Isol8 MT.
- Active Components: Cobalt chloride, hydrated, USP.
Basic Application
- Recommended: dilute 1 drop (0.05 mL) Isol8 Co in 100 mL of purified water, and dose 1 mL of this solution per 75 gallons (284 L) daily. Label and date solution, and keep tightly-capped when not in use. Uncontaminated solution will remain viable for ≥2 years.
- Reference Standard [Co]: 1.77×10-6 ppm (S=35.0)
- In established systems, increase [Co] up to 5% of existing ionic value daily, until desired value or reference standard is reached.
Application
Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized persons. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Store in a cool, dry location away from sunlight.
All trace elements critical to continued functioning of photoautotrophs, including cobalt, are provided in Isol8MT, which offers a simpler method of dosing the aforementioned elements in ratios mirroring those of natural seawater, and is recommended for general husbandry of recirculating marine ecosystems. Isol8 Co is recommended for adjustment of cobalt values in accordance with accurate ICP analysis.
The rate of ion depletion due to photoautotroph uptake is driven by various chemical and physical factors which are unique to each independently-operating recirculating system, and which are constantly changing as photoautotroph biomass increases and decreases.
Monitoring (daily) the system’s concentrations of elements provided by this formulation, as well as the concentration of nitrate, and referencing apparent changes in coloration of zooxanthellate cnidarians will enable User to adjust dosing of this formula to suit system requirements, improving overall effectiveness and resulting in less wasted solution.
Users unable to perform analyses for elements provided by this formula are recommended to monitor nitrate concentration and apparent changes in coloration of zooxanthellate cnidarians, adjusting dosage to suit system requirements. This visual approach to dosing is fastest, and for many systems will be adequate.
Recommended is diluting an appropriate volume of this solution into a larger volume of purified water (with a purity of at least 98%), and applying this diluted solution to the system with an automated dosing system throughout the photoperiod. Dosing frequency is directly proportional to stability of ionic concentrations and, resultantly, gradual changes in the coloration (manifesting as intensification) of coloration of zooxanthellate cnidarians. A 1 – 10 s drip interval during the photoperiod provides adequate ionic stability, and is recommended.
If no automated dosing system is available, then apply solution manually each day. Dosing frequency is directly proportional to stability of ionic concentrations and, resultantly, consistent changes in coloration of zooxanthellate cnidarians. Dosage volume per 24 h is divided by the dosing frequency.
It is not recommended that this formulation be dosed fewer than four times weekly.
Reference Standards: 1 drop (0.05 mL) Isol8 Co diluted in 26.4 gal. (100 L) water yields 0.0005 ppm increase of [Co]. Undiluted, 1 drop treats a volume of 7,471.7 gallons (28,280.5 L) at the reference standard of 1.77×10-6 ppm.
